The Urban EFL Teachers’ Motivation in Indonesia: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Herzberg’s Motivational-Hygiene Theory
Anna Riana Suryanti Tambunan; Prof. H. Dr. Fuad Abdul Hamied, MA, Ph.D.; Dr. Wachyu Sundayana

Abstract
This paper aims at highlighting the urban EFL teachers’ motivation in Indonesia viewed from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and Herzberg’s motivational hygiene theory to fill a notable gap in the teacher motivation literature. Library research is used to review how motivation is essential in English teaching and learning process. The issue: teachers’ motivation, conceptualized as job commitment and satisfaction and its relationship to teacher competency will be critically addressed. Commitment and satisfaction to teaching reflects the teachers’ motivation as it is theorized that teachers to be committed and satisfied to their job based on the five levels given by Maslow’s theory and Herzberg’s motivational hygiene as the teachers’ motivation affect the teachers’ performance in the teaching and learning process. Teachers should be given the motivational factors that will positively influence their performance and productivity which will enhance quality assurance in the educational system. It can be concluded that teachers’ motivation is a crucial factor which directly influences the teachers’ performance, the level of student motivation and achievement in the target language concerned.

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